紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)殺(sha)滅(mie)包(bao)括(kuo)細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)繁殖(zhi)體(ti)(ti)、芽(ya)胞、分支桿菌(jun)、冠狀病毒、真菌(jun)、立克次體(ti)(ti)和衣原(yuan)體(ti)(ti)等,凡(fan)被上述病毒污染的物(wu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)、水(shui)和空(kong)氣(qi),均可采用紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)消毒。紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)滅(mie)菌(jun)的原(yuan)理(li)主要是有(you)兩個方面(mian)(mian)基(ji)于核(he)酸對紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)的吸收(shou),一方面(mian)(mian),當微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)受(shou)到(dao)紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)照射(she)時,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)細(xi)(xi)胞內(nei)脫氧核(he)糖(tang)核(he)酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)會吸收(shou)240~280 nm范(fan)圍內(nei)光波的能(neng)量,從(cong)而阻止DNA的復(fu)制,其中最常見的2種損(sun)(sun)傷(shang)形(xing)式為環丁(ding)烷嘧(mi)啶(ding)(ding)二聚(ju)體(ti)(ti)和嘧(mi)啶(ding)(ding)-嘧(mi)啶(ding)(ding)酮光產(chan)物(wu)。另一方面(mian)(mian),在紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)的照射(she)下可以產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)由(you)基(ji),引(yin)起光電(dian)離,從(cong)而使(shi)(shi)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)不能(neng)復(fu)制繁殖(zhi)(中國公共衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng), 2012, 28(4): 562-564.)。所以簡單來說,紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)線(xian)殺(sha)菌(jun)燈消毒主要是通(tong)過對微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)、病毒、芽(ya)孢(bao)等病原(yuan)體(ti)(ti))的輻射(she)損(sun)(sun)傷(shang)和破壞(huai)核(he)酸的功(gong)能(neng)使(shi)(shi)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)致死,從(cong)而達到(dao)消毒的目(mu)的。